Massachusetts voters will decide on Question 3 in the November 3 election, a proposal that would replace separate party primaries with a single, all-candidate primary—commonly referred to as a “jungle primary” or “top-two primary”—beginning in 2028. Under the proposed system, candidates for most state and legislative offices would appear on one primary ballot regardless of party affiliation, and all registered voters could participate. The two candidates receiving the most votes would advance to the general election, regardless of party. Presidential primaries would not be affected.
Supporters argue the proposal would give every voter equal participation in the nomination process, including Massachusetts’ large number of unenrolled voters. They contend that candidates would be encouraged to appeal to a broader electorate rather than primarily to party activists. Advocates also believe the system could produce more competitive elections, particularly in districts where one party dominates and the primary often determines the eventual winner.
Opponents argue that political parties should retain the right to choose their own nominees through party primaries. They warn that the top-two system could result in two candidates from the same party advancing to the general election, particularly in districts dominated by one party, leaving some voters without a candidate representing their preferred political philosophy.
Experience in states such as California and Washington, which use similar systems, has produced mixed results. While the reforms have increased competition in some races, research has found limited evidence that they consistently produce more moderate officeholders or significantly increase voter turnout. Studies suggest that factors such as district demographics, candidate recognition, and campaign resources continue to play important roles.
Question 3 presents voters with a choice between expanding voter participation in the primary process and preserving the traditional role of political parties in selecting their nominees.